Constitutional & Civil Rights
The Constitution sets the outer limits on what government can do. Most of the interesting fights happen in how courts test whether it crossed a line. This section breaks down the actual legal tests judges use, from how much scrutiny a law gets to when an officer can be sued, backed by the real cases that set the rules.
§ 4 explainers
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Levels of Scrutiny, Explained
Strict, intermediate, and rational basis: the three tests courts use to weigh a law against a constitutional right.
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Counterman v. Colorado, Explained
The 2023 case that set what prosecutors must prove before online speech counts as a punishable true threat.
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Qualified Immunity, Explained
Why officials often escape civil suits unless they broke a right that was already clearly established.
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Riley v. California, Explained
Police generally need a warrant to search the cell phone of someone they arrest. Here is why.
Other sections
Criminal Justice The rules that govern arrest, trial, and release: Miranda, the burden of proof, plea bargains, and bail. Technology, Privacy & Internet Law The law of platforms and data: Section 230, digital searches, location warrants, and copyright in the age of AI. Business, IP & Employment Law The rules of work and ownership: non-competes, trademarks and copyrights, fair use, and at-will employment. Courts & the Legal System How the system runs: the path to the Supreme Court, circuit splits, precedent, and who has standing to sue.